The situation 1295 – October 4, 2025

1. German officials reported more unidentified drone sightings near airports and military facilities.
2. Russia continues to challenge and probe NATO states’ capabilities, possibly as part of preparations for a potential future Russia-NATO war.
3. Russian forces conducted a combined missile and drone strike against Ukraine that resulted in civilian casualties and damaged critical energy infrastructure.
4. Ukraine continues to conduct long-range strikes against Russian oil refineries, exacerbating ongoing gasoline shortages in Russia and occupied Ukraine.
5.  Russian forces recently advanced near Lyman, Siversk, Pokrovsk, and Velykomykhailivka.

The full update of the Russian offensive 1295 is available on UNDERSTANDING WAR